TY - JOUR
TI - Underwater Noise Emission Due to Offshore Pile Installation: A Review
AU - Tsouvalas, A
T2 - Energies
AB - The growing demand for renewable energy supply stimulates a drastic increase in the deployment rate of offshore wind energy. Offshore wind power generators are usually supported by large foundation piles that are driven into the seabed with hydraulic impact hammers or vibratory devices. The pile installation process, which is key to the construction of every new wind farm, is hindered by a serious by-product: the underwater noise pollution. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art computational methods to predict the underwater noise emission by the installation of foundation piles offshore including the available noise mitigation strategies. Future challenges in the field are identified under the prism of the ever-increasing size of wind turbines and the emerging pile driving technologies.
DA - 2020/06//
PY - 2020
VL - 13
IS - 12
SP - 3037
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3037
DO - 10.3390/en13123037
LA - English
KW - Wind Energy
KW - Fixed Offshore Wind
KW - Noise
ER -