TY - JOUR
TI - Risk Formulation For The Sonic Effects Of Offshore Wind Farms On Fish In The EU Region
AU - Kikuchi, R
T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin
AB - In 2007, European leaders agreed to source 20% of their energy needs from renewable energy; since that time, offshore wind farms have been receiving attention in the European Union (EU). In 2008, the European Community submitted a proposal to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in order to combat marine noise pollution. In consideration of these facts, the present paper aims to deduce a preliminary hypothesis and its formulation for the effect of offshore wind farm noise on fish. The following general picture is drawn: the short-term potential impact during pre-construction; the short-term intensive impact during construction; and the physiological and/or masking effects that may occur over a long period while the wind farm is in operation. The EU's proposal to UNEP includes noise databases that list the origins of man-made sounds; it is advisable that offshore wind farms should be listed in the noise databases in order to promote rational environment management.
DA - 2010/02//
PY - 2010
VL - 60
IS - 2
SP - 172
EP - 177
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X09004056
DO - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.023
LA - English
KW - Wind Energy
KW - Fixed Offshore Wind
KW - Noise
KW - Fish
ER -