Abstract
This document presents the results of an extensive literature review on wind turbine and bird interactions from around the world. It provided the basis for, and is intended for use as a companion document to, Environment Canada's environmental assessment document, "Wind Turbines and Birds: A Guidance Document for Environmental Assessment".
The literature review identified two main types of potential effects of wind turbines on birds: collision impacts and disturbance effects. Both of these types of effects are addressed in the document. Research has also indicated that high levels of bat mortality can occur at wind turbines, although this impact has not been specifically dealt with in this document.