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Showing Results for
- Report:
Fox
This deliverable provides a critical analysis of management measures that can be used to mitigate or manage the potential environmental effects of wave and tidal energy developments. The aim of this deliverable is to critically analyse the environmental mitigation and monitoring measures that have been used to date in completed or planned wave and tidal energy projects. This will provide…
- Report:
Ørsted and Eversource
This South Fork Wind Farm and South Fork Export Cable Construction and Operations Plan (COP) is being submitted by South Fork Wind, LLC (SFW or the Applicant)1 to support the siting and development of the South Fork Wind Farm (SFWF) and the South Fork Export Cable (SFEC), collectively the Project. The SFWF includes up to 15 wind turbine generators (WTGs or turbines) with a nameplate…
- Journal Article:
Freiberg et al.
Purpose The health effects of visible wind turbine features on residents were investigated. Further, it was examined, if visual annoyance has an influence on residents’ health, and if wind turbine visibility impacts residents’ health independently of or in combination with acoustical aspects. Methods Medical databases, Google Scholar, public health institutions, and…
- Book Chapter:
Walker and Swift
This chapter explains the impacts of wind energy on humans as well as how effective methods are for reducing or mitigating the extent of such impacts. Audible noise is generally considered to have frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz, although some show the range extending down to 16 Hz. Shadow flicker occurs when the blades of a wind turbine rotate in sunny conditions, casting moving shadows…
- Journal Article:
Gehring et al.
Estimates suggest that each year millions of birds, predominantly Neotropical migrating songbirds, collide with communication towers. To determine the relative collision risks that different nighttime Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) communication tower obstruction lighting systems pose to night-migrating birds, we compared fatalities at towers with different systems: white strobe lights…
- Guidance:
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)
This guidance provides lighting and marking recommendations for wind energy facilities, which include meteorological towers, wind turbine generators and electrical service platforms, on Federal renewable energy leases on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). This guidance also outlines the types of information that the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) would find helpful as it reviews a…
- Report:
Orr et al.
Given BOEM’s authority under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct), and the various considerations under the OCS Lands Act and NEPA, BOEM needs to garner a better understanding of the potential impacts to the environment from the development of offshore renewable energy projects, and to identify specific mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce or avoid such impacts. The ESS Project…
- Journal Article:
Rebke et al.
A growing number of offshore wind farms have led to a tremendous increase in artificial lighting in the marine environment. This study disentangles the connection of light characteristics, which potentially influence the reaction of nocturnally migrating passerines to artificial illumination under different cloud cover conditions. In a spotlight experiment on a North Sea island, birds were…
- Workshop Article:
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)
Offshore wind energy is a relatively new industry in the United States. Federal regulations were only established for the Outer Continental Shelf Renewable Energy Program in 2009, and a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory processes are still in development for the industry. Although a great deal of attention has been given to understanding and mitigating environmental effects of offshore…
- Website:
ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd (ABPmer)
The Sustainable Management of Marine Natural Resources (SMMNR) project funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) and Welsh Government has developed interactive environmental mapping and evidence packages for the following sectors: Aquaculture …
- Report:
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations for implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) define cumulative effects as, “the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or non-federal) or person undertakes such other…
- Journal Article:
Mathews et al.
Artificial lighting is a particular problem for animals active at night. Approximately 69% of mammal species are nocturnal, and one-third of these are bats. Due to their extensive movements—both on a nightly basis to exploit ephemeral food supplies, and during migration between roosts—bats have an unusually high probability of encountering artificial light in the landscape. This paper reviews…
- Report:
Young et al.
Avian collisions with man-made objects have been estimated at 100 million to 1 billion per year (Klem 1990, Manville 2000). Collisions with wind turbines account for an estimated 33,000 birds and 333 raptors killed per year (Erickson et al. 2001). Although the proportion of birds killed by colliding with wind turbines is low relative to other sources of avian mortality, large numbers of raptor…
- Journal Article:
Bruderer et al.
Radar studies on bird migration assume that the transmitted electromagnetic pulses do not alter the behaviour of the birds, in spite of some worrying reports of observed disturbance. This paper shows that, in the case of the X-band radar ‘Superfledermaus’, no relevant changes in flight behaviour occurred, while a strong light beam provoked important changes. Large sets of routine recordings of…
- Presentation:
Blew et al.
This presentation looks at the potential for mass bird migrations that can cause mass collision events with offshore wind farms. It looks at rules and rgulations, impressions, some facts, and mitigation.
- Report:
van de Laar
May 2007, the external radiating light sources on gasproduction platform L15, have been exchanged for a special made light source - low in spectral red. L15 is situated in the North Sea, about 20 km Northwest of the island Vlie land. The environmental effectiveness has been determined during the bird autumn migration, between October 5 and 8, 2007. Dense flocks of song birds, wader…
- Journal Article:
Adams et al.
Anthropogenic light is known or suspected to exert profound effects on many taxa, including birds. Documentation of bird aggregation around artificial light at night, as well as observations of bird reactions to strobe lights and lasers, suggests that light may both attract and repel birds, although this assumption has yet to be tested. These effects may cause immediate changes to bird…
- Journal Article:
Kerlinger et al.
Avian collision fatality data from studies conducted at 30 wind farms across North America were examined to estimate how many night migrants collide with turbines and towers, and how aviation obstruction lighting relates to collision fatalities. Fatality rates, adjusted for scavenging and searcher efficiency, of night migrants at turbines 54 to 125 m in height ranged from 3 birds killed in 1…
- Report:
WWF France
Wind power is a key form of renewable energy. Within the EU it represents one of the most promising tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and hence diminishing the consequences of climate change. The offshore wind energy sector has been expanding since 1991 when the first OWF was built, and today it is full of potential. However, the rapid increase of the OWF sector is raising…
- Report: Defingou et al.
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms
The steadily rising concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the Earth’s atmosphere is a consequence of the increased emission by anthropogenic activities. These emissions and the consequential climate change have caused and are continuously causing serious threats to ecosystems, single species as well as human health. To reduce these emissions and hence diminish the consequences of climate…
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