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- Book Chapter: Skiniti and Tsoutsos
Society in Energy Transition and Justice: Social Acceptance and Contribution to Wind Energy Projects
Society’s acceptance of renewable energy projects has a significant influence, since it provides an easier installation and operation of the infrastructure. Therefore, citizens’ engagement in the energy transition is essential. Τhis literature review was conducted to identify people’s attitudes towards wind farms, as well as ways in which these protests fade out. According to the literature,… - Book Chapter:
Weilgart
Most marine animals, including marine mammals, fish, and invertebrates, use sound for almost all aspects of their life, including reproduction, feeding, predator and hazard avoidance, communication, and navigation. In the marine environment, vision is only useful over tens of meters, whereas sound can be heard for thousands of kilometers. The potential area impacted by even one…
- Book Chapter:
Malinka et al.
Mitigation measures to reduce underwater levels of radiated noise are of increasing interest. An example implementation is the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority’s ECHO (Enhancing Cetacean Habitat and Observation) Program that has initiated voluntary, seasonal vessel slowdowns since 2017. ECHO’s goal is to reduce the acoustic disturbance of commercial shipping on endangered whales, whose critical…
- Book Chapter:
Booth
The use of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) around marine developments is commonplace. A buffer-based PAM system (e.g., C-POD) is a cost-effective method for assessing cetacean acoustic presence. Devices have been deployed by Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) Marine around the United Kingdom, allowing an examination of the performance of C-PODs with respect to background noise, tilt angle, and…
- Book Chapter:
Verfuss et al.
Monitoring and mitigation reports from 19 UK and 9 other European Union (EU) offshore wind farm (OWF) developments were reviewed, providing a synthesis of the evidence associated with the observed environmental impact on marine mammals. UK licensing conditions were largely concerned with mitigation measures reducing the risk of physical and auditory injury from pile driving. At the other EU…
- Book Chapter:
Hastie et al.
Currently, there is great uncertainty surrounding the environmental impacts of tidal turbines on marine mammals; one major concern derives from the potential for physical injury through direct contact with the moving structures of turbines. Collecting data to quantify these risks is challenging and methods for measuring movements underwater and interactions with turbines are limited. However,…
- Book Chapter:
Hübner
Wind energy is a pillar of the energy transition to a low carbon economy. In Germany like in other industrialized countries, local opposition against wind turbines seems to increase. The present chapter provides empirical evidence for a numerical overestimation of local opponents in overseas and European countries. Mostly, citizen participation is associated with…
- Book Chapter:
Gilbane et al.
The Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network (MARINe) is structured around a thoughtfully crafted set of sustainable practices, or culture of care, which includes equal partnership among its members and member organizations and a collaborative decision-making process. MARINe prioritizes the use of rigorous, standardized protocols, maintains a shared central database, and keeps costs low and…
- Book Chapter:
Hwa Ryu et al.
With the international trend of promoting eco-friendly renewable energy for carbon neutrality and the Paris Agreement, South Korea is focusing its national energy mix on renewable energy. Especially, offshore wind energy will be expanded a total power capacity of 12 GW by 2030, which is expected to become South Korea’s most important energy source and industrial dynamic force in the future.…
- Book Chapter:
Pezy et al.
Since the beginning of the 2000’, the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice…
- Book Chapter:
Huso
To accurately estimate per turbine – or per megawatt – annual wildlife mortality at wind facilities, the raw counts of carcasses found must be adjusted for four major sources of imperfect detection: (1) fatalities that occur outside the monitoring period; (2) carcasses that land outside the monitored area; (3) carcasses that are removed by scavengers or deteriorate beyond recognition prior to…
- Book Chapter:
Niquil et al.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies for offshore wind farm projects endeavour to consider the sensitivity of ecological compartments (benthos, fish, birds and marine mammals) to potential pressures/changes occurring in the ecosystem structure and functioning. EIA is expected to be conducted considering an integrated ecosystem approach, which is still a target to reach. In this…
- Book Chapter:
Jacobsen et al.
During three seasons, we studied avoidance behaviour of migrating raptors when approaching an offshore wind farm in northern Baltic Sea 20 km from the coast. From a substation 1.8 km west of the wind farm, we recorded macro, meso and micro avoidance behaviour of individual raptors approaching the wind farm, using a pre-defined protocol. We defined macro avoidance as when the raptor…
- Book Chapter:
Kikuchi et al.
Wind farms along the migration route of birds act as unnatural barriers, and avoiding them during flight may require the expenditure of extra energy. Information regarding cumulative effects of barriers on migrating birds is generally lacking, mainly because of the complexities of monitoring the number of encounters of migratory birds with wind farms and their flight path for avoiding these…
- Book Chapter:
McGovern et al.
Aerial digital surveying techniques using aircraft flying at significantly higher and safer altitudes than observer-based aerial surveys have become a key tool in surveying offshore environments worldwide. In preparation for offshore wind energy development, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) has initiated what is probably the world’s largest (43,500 km…
- Book Chapter:
Moriguchi et al.
Wind farms have unintended negative consequences for birds, such as bird collisions, habitat loss, and barrier effects. Japanese law now requires environmental impact assessments (EIAs) of wind farm construction. Despite these EIAs, assessments of wind farm effects on birds are often inadequate because no data are available that compare bird behavior and distribution before and after wind farm…
- Book Chapter:
Niemi and Tanttu
There is a need for automatic bird identification system at offshore wind farms in Finland. The developed system should be able to operate from onshore, which is cost-effective in terms of installations and maintenance. Indubitably, a radar is the obvious choice to detect flying birds, but external information is required for actual identification. A conceivable method is to exploit visual…
- Book Chapter:
Rosa et al.
In the last decades, there has been a worldwide increase in wind energy. Despite its advantages, wind farms carry negative impacts on bird and bat populations, such as direct mortality due to collision with wind turbines. Carcass searches beneath the turbines are mandatory to access this impact, as well as the assessment of two correction factors: searcher efficiency and probability of…
- Book Chapter:
Weber et al.
In times of increasingly selective interpretations of research results, sound decision-making in environmental management can be complicated. Actors compete for opinion leadership over relevant findings. A recent example is the agitated debate over the study “Prognosis and assessment of collision risks of birds at wind turbines in northern Germany” (PROGRESS). This debate, arising in the…
- Book Chapter:
Xirouchakis et al.
Crete has been characterized as an area with a high wind energy capacity due to its mountainous terrain and the strong prevailing winds throughout the year. At the same time, the island constitutes the last stronghold for vulture species in Greece, currently holding the largest insular population of Eurasian griffons (Gyps fulvus) worldwide (ca. 1000 individuals). Given the empirical…
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