Short Science Summary: Collision Risk

Fish

Potential for Animals to be Injured by Turbines: Collision Risk

The presence of marine renewable energy (MRE) devices—particularly the rotating blades of tidal and river turbines—is thought to pose a risk to marine animals. Animals might come into close contact with turbine blades in the course of their natural movements, because they are attracted to the device for purposes of feeding, shelter, or out of curiosity, or because they are not strong enough to avoid currents that might sweep them into the blades.

The concern is that a collision with moving device parts (e.g., turbine blades), a moving device (e.g., tidal kite), or perhaps the stationary part of a device (e.g., foundation) could cause irrevocable injury or death. For animal populations that are under stress for other reasons, such as climate change or other human activities, loss of even a few members due to collision might affect the survivability of the population. The greatest concerns are for marine mammals, especially those in protected or declining populations; commercially and recreationally important fish species; and endangered seabirds.

This Short Science Summary was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 3: Collision Risk for Animals around Turbines. 

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Ocean energy and the environment: Research and strategic actions ETIP Ocean Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science Copping, A., Hemery, L., Overhus, D., Garavelli, L., Freeman, M., Whiting, J., Gorton, A., Farr, H., Rose, D., Tugade, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Interim Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project France Energies Marine Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise
Wave and Tidal Stream Critical Evidence Needs Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Review on Environmental and Social Impacts of Thermal Gradient and Tidal Currents Energy Conversion and Application to the Case of Chiapas, Mexico Rivera, G., Felix, A., Mendoza, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 3: Collision Risk for Animals around Turbines Sparling, C., Seitz, A., Masden, E., Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Behavioral responses of fish to a current-based hydrokinetic turbine under multiple operational conditions Grippo, M., Zydlewski, G., Shen, H., Goodwin, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Review of underwater video data collected around operating tidal stream turbines Hutchison, I., Tait, C., Sheehy, J., Morgan, P. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision
Assessing the effects of tidal stream marine renewable energy on seabirds: A conceptual framework Isaksson, N., Masden, E., Williamson, B., Costagliola-Ray, M., Slingsby, J., Houghton, J., Wilson, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Initial Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project Gaborieau, H., Thiébaut, M., Quillienn, N., Serre, S., Araignous, E., Safi, G. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Impact-Producing Factors in the Offshore Wind Cumulative Impacts Scenario on the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Integrating Hydroacoustic Approaches to Predict Fish Interactions with In-stream Tidal Turbines Viehman, H., Hasselman, D., Boucher, T., Douglas, J., Bennett, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Use of a model turbine to investigate the high striking risk of fish with tidal and oceanic current turbine blades under slow rotational speed Yoshida, T., Zhou, J., Park, S., Muto, H., Kitazawa, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal Collision Fish
Quantifying fish-turbine interactions using VEMCO’s new high residency acoustic electronic tagging technology McLean, M., Sanderson, B., Lilly, J., Tsitrin, E., Stokesbury, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
An agent-based model to predict fish collisions with tidal stream turbines Rossington, K., Benson, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Interaction of Marine Renewable Energy and Marine Organisms: Active Acoustic Assessment Williamson, B., Fraser, S., Nikora, V., Blondel, P., Couto, A., Chapman, J., Scott, B. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Fish
Salmonid response to a vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine in a stream aquarium Berry, M., Sundberg, J., Francisco, F. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish, Pelagic Fish
Imaging sonar review for marine environmental monitoring around tidal turbines Joslin, J. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish, Marine Mammals
Agent-Based Modelling of fish collisions with tidal turbines Rossington, K., Benson, T. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Marine Mammals and Tidal Energy: Annual Report to Scottish Government Palmer, L., Gillespie, D., Macaulay, J., Onoufriou, J., Sparling, C., Thomson, D., Hastie, G. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Monitoring getijdenturbines Oosterscheldekering (Oosterscheldekering Tidal Turbines Monitoring Annual Report 2018) Leopold, M., Scholl, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Effects of the Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier and tidal energy turbines on harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) movements Kastelein, R., Jennings, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Laboratory study on the effects of hydro kinetic turbines on hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics Ramírez-Mendoza, R., Amoudry, L., Thorne, P., Cooke, R., McLelland, S., Jordan, L., Simmons, S., Parsons, D., Murdoch, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision
Empirical measures of harbor seal behavior and avoidance of an operational tidal turbine Joy, R., Wood, J., Sparling, C., Tollit, D., Copping, A., McConnell, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Applying a simple model for estimating the likelihood of collision of marine mammals with tidal turbines Copping, A., Grear, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Long‐term effect of a tidal, hydroelectric propeller turbine on the populations of three anadromous fish species Dadswell, M., Spares, A., McIean, M., Harris, P., Rulifson, R. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish, Demersal Fish
Trialling a Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Marine Renewable Energy Developments in Ireland Burke, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Winter and summer differences in probability of fish encounter (spatial overlap) with MHK devices Viehman, H., Boucher, T., Redden, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K., Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Efficient unstructured mesh generation for marine renewable energy applications Avdis, A., Candy, A., Hill, J., Kramer, S., Piggott, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision
Characterization of Marine Mammal Biomechanics to Evaluate Tidal Turbine Collision Impact Grear, M. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
First in situ Passive Acoustic Monitoring for Marine Mammals during Operation of a Tidal Turbine in Ramsey Sound, Wales Malinka, C., Gillespie, D., Macaulay, J., Joy, R., Sparling, C. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals and Tidal Energy: Report to Scottish Government Hastie, G., Evers, C., Gillespie, D., Irving, P., Onoufriou, J., Sparling, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Sensitivity of tidal lagoon and barrage hydrodynamic impacts and energy outputs to operational characteristics Angeloudis, A., Falconer, R. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Ecosystem Processes
A Tool for Simulating Collision Probabilities of Animals with Marine Renewable Energy Devices Schmitt, P., Culloch, R., Lieber, L., Molander, S., Hammar, L., Kregting, L. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision
Understanding the Potential Risk to Marine Mammals from Collision with Tidal Turbines Copping, A., Grear, M., Jepsen, R., Chartrand, C., Gorton, A. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals
Tidal Turbine-Fish Interaction Pilot Study in the Aquatron Controlled Lab Space MacNeill, A., Mahon-Hodgins, L., Eddington, J., Batt, J., Bibeau, E., Kregting, L., Molloy, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Fish
Hydroacoustic Assessment of Behavioral Responses by Fish Passing Near an Operating Tidal Turbine in the East River, New York Bevelhimer, M., Scherelis, C., Colby, J., Adonizio, M. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Fish
Impact assessment of marine current turbines on fish behavior using an experimental approach based on the similarity law Zhang, J., Kitazawa, D., Taya, S., Mizukami, Y. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
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