Short Science Summary: European Wolves and Wind Energy Development

Gray Wolf

The Gray wolf (Canis lupus) is one of the most well-known and studied species because of its close and ancient relationship with humans. Wolves occur throughout the northern hemisphere, inhabiting a variety of habitats that range from Arctic tundra to Arabian deserts. They often live in human-dominated landscapes, particularly in Southern Europe and Asia. The biggest concern for wolves around wind farms is increased human disturbance in otherwise remote areas that are of particular importance for breeding packs. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Wind and Wildlife: Siting Issues and Challenges Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) da Costa, G., Paula, J., Petrucci-Fonseca, F., Álvares, F. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Is there Room for All of Us? Renewable Energy and Xerospermophilus mohavensis Inman, R., Esque, T., Nussear, K., Leitner, P., Matocq, M., Weisberg, P., Dilts, T., Vandergast, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
An assessment of non-volant terrestrial vertebrates response to wind farms—a study of small mammals Łopucki, R., Mróz, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Landscape features associated to wind farms increase mammalian predator abundance and ground-nest predation Gomez-Catasus, J., Barrero, A., Reverter, M., Bustillo-de la Rosa, D., Pérez-Granados, C., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Out of Sight of Wind Turbine-Reindeer Response to Wind Farms in Operation Skarin, A., Sandström, P., Alam, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Effects of Wind Power Development on Reindeer: Global Positioning System Monitoring and Herders’ Experience Eftestøl, S., Tsegaye, D., Flydal, K., Colman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Effects of Wind Turbines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures Flydal, K., Eftestol, S., Reimers, E., Colman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Do Black-naped Hares Lepus nigricollis (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Leporidae) have synanthropic association with wind farms? Anoop, V., Arun, P., Jaypal, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Reindeer habitat use in relation to two small wind farms, during preconstruction, construction, and operation Skarin, A., Alam, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Occupancy model to unveil wildlife utilization at Yeongyang-gun wind farm management road, Korea Kim, S-H., Dhakal, T., Yoon, T-G., Cho, K., Kim, J.Y., Kim, T-S. , Lee, D-H. , Jang, G-S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
A Bird and Small Mammal BACI and IG Design Studies in a Wind Farm in Malpica (Spain) de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Rangifer within areas of human influence: understanding effects in relation to spatiotemporal scales Flydal, K., Tsegaye, D., Eftestøl, S., Colman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Do human activity and infrastructure disturb domesticated reindeer? The need for the reindeer’s perspective Skarin, A., Åhman, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review Tolvanen, A., Routavaara, H., Jokikokko, M., Rana, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
The Impacts of Roads and other Infrastructure on Mammal and Bird Populations: A Meta-Analysis Benitez-Lopez, A., Alkemade, R., Verweij, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Birds
Framework for strategic wind farm site prioritisation based on modelled wolf reproduction habitat in Croatia Passoni, G., Rowcliffe, J., Whiteman, A., Huber, D., Kusak, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Pronghorn Winter Resource Selection Before and After Wind Energy Development in South-Central Wyoming Smith, K., Taylor, K., Albeke, S., Beck, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm Agha, M., Smith, A., Lovich, J., Delaney, D., Ennen, J., Briggs, J., Fleckenstein, L., Tennant, L., Puffer, S., Walde, A., Arundel, T., Price, S., Todd, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
Migratory Disturbance Thresholds with Mule Deer and Energy Development Sawyer, H., Lambert, M., Merkle, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Terrestrial Mammals
Factors Influencing Winter Mortality Risk for Pronghorn Exposed to Wind Energy Development Taylor, K., Beck, J., Huzurbazar, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Response of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) to Wind-power Development Walter, W., Leslie, D., Jenks, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Quantifying biodiversity trade-offs in the face of widespread renewable and unconventional energy development Popescu, V., Munshaw, R., Shackelford, N., Montesino Pouzols, F., Dubman, E., Gibeau, P., Horne, M., Moilanen, A., Palen, W. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
Breathe of Life: Ethical Wind Power and Wildlife Loder, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Terrestrial Mammals
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) Rabin, L., Coss, R., Owings, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Collision, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Gielarek, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Living in Habitats Affected by Wind Turbines May Result in an Increase in Corticosterone Levels in Ground Dwelling Animals Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Scibior, A., Gołębiowska, D., Perzanowski, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India Kumara, H., Babu, S., Rao, G., Mahato, S., Bhattacharya, M., Rao, N., Tamiliniyan, D., Parengal, H., Deepak, D., Balakrishnan, A., Bilaskar, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Black Bears (Ursus americanus) as a Novel Potential Predator of Agassiz's Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a California Wind Energy Facility Lovich, J., Delaney, D., Briggs, J., Agha, M., Austin, M., Reese, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
Spatial Ecology of Female Mule Deer in an Area Proposed for Wind Energy Development Webb, S., Dzialak, M., Houchen, D., Kosciuch, K., Winstead, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Roe deer stress response to a wind farms: Methodological and practical implications Klich, D., Lopucki, R., Scibior, A., Golebiowska, D., Wojciechowska, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Effects of Wind Turbines on Spatial Distribution of the European Hamster Łopucki, R., Perzanowski, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Adverse Impacts of Wind Power Generation on Collision Behaviour of Birds and Anti-Predator Behaviour of Squirrels Kikuchi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Birds
Wind turbines cause chronic stress in badgers (Meles meles) in Great Britain Agnew, R., Smith, V., Fowkes, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Terrestrial Mammals
Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales Milliganm M., Johnston, A., Beck, J., Taylor, K., Hall, E., Knox, L., Cufaude, T., Wallace, C., Chong, G., Kauffman, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement Terrestrial Mammals
Assessing ecological responses of wolves to wind power plants in Portugal: methodological constrains and conservation implications Álvares, F., Rio-Maior, H., Roque, S., Nakamura, M., Cadete, D., Pinto, S., Petrucci-Fonseca, F. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Terrestrial Mammals
Wind farm prioritisation based on potential impacts on wolf habitat in Croatia Passoni, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go? da Costa, G., Petrucci-Fonseca, F., Álvares, F. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
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