Short Science Summary: Bat Interactions with Land-Based Wind Energy: A European and North American Perspective

Hoary Bat

Estimates of fatality indicate hundreds of thousands of bats are killed annually at wind turbines both in Europe and North America. Given bats are long-lived and typically only have 1 to 2 pups per year, existing fatality rates may not be sustainable for certain species. Recent studies indicate population-level declines are possible, particularly given the anticipated growth of wind energy development. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Surface Texture Differentiation Using Synthetic Bat Echolocation Calls: Implications for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Yuen, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Bats
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz Muller, J., Warnke, M., Reichenbach, M., Köppel, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Investigating the Causes and Consequences Cryan, P. Website Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Another Blown in the Wind: Bats and the Licensing of Wind Farms in Brazil Valença, R., Bernard, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Arkwright Summit Wind Farm Acoustic and Mist-Net Bat Survey Report Sichmeller, T., Bay, K., Young, D., Fritchman, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Managing coexistence for bats and wind turbines Alvarez-Castaneda, T., Lidicker, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review Wang, S., Wang, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds
Final progress report of a 12 month pre - construction bat monitoring study for the Proposed Waaihoek Wind Energy Facility near Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal Kruger, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Seasonally-Dynamic Presence-Only Species Distribution Models for a Cryptic Migratory Bat Impacted by Wind Energy Development Hayes, M., Cryan, P., Wunder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A., Levenstein, K., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
ACME: A Partially Periodic Estimator of Avian & Chiropteran Mortality at Wind Turbines Wolpert, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Estimating Wind-Turbine Caused Bird and Bat Fatality when Zero Carcasses are Observed Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Dail, D., Madsen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events Ferreira, D., Freixo, C., Cabral, J., Santos, R., Santos, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality Drake, D., Jennelle, C., Liu, J., Grodsky, S., Schumacher, S., Sponsler, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Bat and Bird Detection of the DTBat and DTBird Systems at Calandawind Turbine - Final Report Hanagasioglu, M., Aschwanden, J., Bontadina, F., Nilsson, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Behavior of the Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at Wind Turbines and its Distribution Across the North Ko'olau Mountains, O'ahu Gorresen, P., Cryan, P., Huso, M., Hein, C., Schirmacher, M., Johnson, J., Montoya-Aiona, K., Brinck, K., Bonaccorso, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Wind and Wildlife: Siting Issues and Challenges Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Wildlife and Renewable Energy: German Politics Cross Migratory Bats Voigt, C., Lehnert, L., Petersons, G., Adorf, F., Bach, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Design and Testing of an Integrated Wildlife-Wind Turbine Interactions Detection System Flowers, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J., Fuentes-Montemayor, E., Pearce-Higgins, J., Pendlebury, C., Park, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
How to Mitigate Impacts of Wind Farms on Bats? A Review of Potential Conservation Measures in the European Context Peste, F., Paula, A., Pinto da Silva, P., Bernardino, J., Pereira, P., Mascarenhas, M., Costa, H., Vieira, J., Bastos, C., Fonseca, C., Pereira, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Bat Activity in Intensively Farmed Landscapes with Wind Turbines and Offset Measures Millon, L., Julien, J., Julliard, R., Kerbiriou, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana: August 4 - October 14, 2014 Good, R., Iskali, G., Adachi, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
2014 Bat Survey Report: Wilton IV Wind Energy Center Burleigh County, North Dakota Wilton Wind IV Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
First Report on Bat Mortalities on Wind Farms in Chile Escobar, L., Juarez, C., Medina-Vogel, G., Gonzalez, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Observations from the Use of Dogs to Undertake Carcass Searches at Wind Facilities in Australia Bennett, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Biodiversity & Wind Energy: A Bird's and Bat's Perspective Mascarenhas, M., Bernardino, J., Paula, A., Costa, H., Bastos, C., Cordeiro, A., Marques, A., Marqués, J., Mesquita, S., Paula, J., Pereira, M., Peste, F., Ramalho, R., Rodrigues, S., Santos, J., Veira, J., Fonseca, C. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
The Role of Islands in the Migration of Bats Across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario: Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus and Perimyotis subflavus Thorne, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
First Year Post-Construction Monitoring of Bats and Birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil Barros, M., de Magalhaes, R., Rui, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Blown in the Wind: Bats and Wind Farms in Brazil Bernard, E., Paese, A., Machado, R., Aguiar, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Empirical Evidence for Factors Affecting Searcher Efficiency and Scavenging Rates at a Coastal, Terrestrial Wind-Power Facility Peters, K., Mizrahi, D., Allen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Activity of Tree Bats at Anthropogenic Tall Structures: Implications for Mortality of Bats at Wind Turbines Jameson, J., Willis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy for Invenergy's Pleasant Ridge Wind Project Invenergy Canada Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Warning Sounds and Color for Reducing Bird and Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines Khan, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Behavior of Bats at Wind Turbines Cryan, P., Gorresen, P., Hein, C., Schirmacher, M., Diehl, R., Huso, M., Hayman, D., Fricker, P., Bonaccorso, F., Johnson, D., Heist, K., Dalton, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Bats
Wind and Wildlife Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
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