Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of Wind Turbine Curtailment on Bird and Bat Fatalities Smallwood, K., Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings Gulka, J., Williams, K. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Using results from avian tracking studies to inform assessments of offshore wind energy areas in the US Atlantic Loring, P., Spiegel, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Potential environmental impacts of wind energy development: A global perspective Nazir, M., Ali, N., Bilal, M., Iqbal, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Optimal strategies for wind turbine environmental curtailment Rogers, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F., Millikin, R., Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Estimates of aerial vertebrate mortality at wind farms in a bird migration corridor and bat diversity hotspot Cabrera-Cruz, S., Cervantes-Pasqualli, J., Franquesa-Soler, M., Munoz-Jimenez, O., Rodriguez-Aguilar, G., Villegas-Patraca, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
“Seas of risk”: Assessing the threats to colonial-nesting seabirds in Eastern Canada Lieske, D., Tranquilla, L., Ronconi, R., Abbott, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Landscape anthropization shapes the survival of a top avian scavenger Arrondo, E., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Perez-Garcia, J., Cortes-Avizanda, A., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Donazar, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Predicting strike susceptibility and collision patterns of the common buzzard at wind turbine structures in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R., Henle, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind energy development and wildlife conservation in Lithuania: A mapping tool for conflict assessment Morkune, R., Marčiukaitis, M., Jurkin, V., Gecevicius, G., Morkunas, J., Raudonikis, L., Markevicius, A., Narscius, A., Gasiunaite, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds
Identifying important at-sea areas for seabirds using species distribution models and hotspot mapping Cleasby, I., Owen, E., Wilson, L., Wakefield, E., O'Connell, P., Bolton, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Better linking effects of offshore windfarms on black-legged kittiwakes to populations Black, J., Ruffino, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B., Vigin, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Developments in understanding of red-throated diver responses to offshore wind farms in marine Special Protection Areas Allen, S., Banks, A., Caldow, R., Frayling, T., Kershaw, M., Rowell, H. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Impactos ambientales de los parques eólicos y líneas de transmisión de energía sobre la biodiversidad de áreas protegidas del departamento de la Guajira-Colombia Garavito-Terrez, L Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Red-throated Diver Energetics Project: Preliminary Results from 2018/19 Duckworth, J., Green, J., Daunt, F., Johnson, L., Lehikoinen, P., Okill, D., Petersen, A., Petersen, I., Väisänen, R., Williams, J., William, S., O'Brien, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Summary of Activities and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Seasonal Difference in Carcass Persistence Rates at Wind Farms with Snow, Hokkaido, Japan Kitano, M., Ino, M., Smallwood, S., Shiraki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Machine learning applied to wind turbine blades impact detection Hu, C., Albertani, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Eagle Conservation Plan for the Goodnoe Hills Wind Facility Klickitat County, Washington Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind turbine noise limits propagation of greater prairiechicken boom chorus, but does it matter? Whalen, C., Brown, M., McGee, J., Powell, L., Walsh, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Better estimates of collision mortality to black-legged kittiwakes at offshore windfarms Black, J., Cook, A., Anderson, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Bouten, W., Clark, N., Conway, G., Masden, E., Clewley, G., Barber, G., Burton, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
B-Finder System: 24 Month Test Report for T-Series Przybycin, P., Przybycin, M., Przybycin, J., Makowski, M. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Project Environmental Monitoring Plan: Kincardine Offshore Windfarm Project Kincardine Offshore Wind Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Collision risk of Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high‐resolution GPS tracking Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Bouten, W., Schlaich, A., Koks, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Effects of wind turbine noise on the surrounding soundscape in the context of greater-prairie chicken courtship vocalizations Whalen, C., Brown, M., McGee, J., Powell, L., Walsh, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation Cook, S., Palmer, G., Hill, R., McCarthy, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm Dohm, R., Jennelle, C., Garvin, J., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2019 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
Persistence and spatial distribution of Black Grouse in east Alpine wind farms: a contribution to the "wind power versus black grouse protection" debate in Austria Brunner, H., Friedel, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Auditory performance in bald eagles and red-tailed hawks: a comparative study of hearing in diurnal raptors McGee, J., Nelson, P., Ponder, J., Marr, J., Redig, P., Walsh, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds Fox, A., Petersen, I-K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria Lumsden, L., Moloney, P., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Second Annual Report Fourth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effect of wind turbines on bird abundance: A national scale analysis based on fixed effects models Miao, R., Ghosh, P., Khanna, M., Wang, W., Rong, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Investigation of existing post-construction mortality monitoring at Victorian wind farms to assess its utility in estimating mortality rates Moloney, P., Lumsden, L., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
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