Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind, sun, and wildlife: do wind and solar energy development "short-circuit" conservation in the western United States? Agha, M., Lovich, J., Ennen, J., Todd, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
High-Resolution Modeling of Uplift Landscapes can Inform Micrositing of Wind Turbines for Soaring Raptors Hanssen, F., May, R., Nygård, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site Law, C., Lancaster, L., Hall, J., Handy, S., Hinchliffe, M., O’Brien, C., O’Brien, K., Watts, S., O’Brien, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S., Masden, E., Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing the spatial distribution of avian collision risks at wind turbine structures in Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R., Henle, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Effects of wind energy production on a threatened species, the Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli, with and without mitigation Lemaître, J., Lamarre, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines
Deep learning–based automatic bird identification system for offshore wind farms Niemi, J., Tanttu, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing Cumulative Exposure of Northern Gannets to Offshore Wind Farms Goodale, M., Milman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Methodology for calculating the number of migratory birds in the territory of the wind farms of the Azov region using information and communication technology Yeremieiev, V., Osadchyi, V., Siokhin, V., Gorlov, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Guidelines for Providing Avian Survey Information for Renewable Energy Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Annual movement patterns of American common eiders Somateria mollissima dresseri Mallory, M., Ronconi, R., Allen, B., Dwyer, C., Lair, S., Mallory, C., McLellan, N., Milton, G., Parsons, G., Savoy, L., Tomlik, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Final Environmental Assessment Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
ThermalTracker-3D: A thermal stereo vision system for quantifying bird and bat activity at offshore wind energy sites Matzner, S., Warfel, T., Hull, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance Bats, Birds
Black-legged kittiwake population dynamics and drivers of population change in the context of offshore wind development Ruffino, L., Thompson, D., O'Brien, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Reducing Bat Fatalities Using Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent Technology: A Potential Mechanism for Conservation at Offshore Wind Energy Sites O'Neil, D. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines Stokke, B., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U., Pedersen, H., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V., Lazar, L., Williamson, L., Peters, I., Hoover, A., Cox, S., Todd, I., Macreadie, P., McLean, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
Seabird distribution in 3D: assessing risk from offshore wind energy generation Schatz Energy Research Center Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Placement of Wind Energy Infrastructure Matters: A Quantitative Study Evaluating Response of Lesser Prairie-Chicken to a Wind Energy Facility LeBeau, C., Kauffman, M., Smith, K., Haddock, J., Tanner, A., Kosciuch, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Summary of Discussions from Specialist Committees of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) on the Topic of Regional Research and Monitoring New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Renewable energy and migratory species Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) Report Wind Energy Displacement Birds
Understanding the Golden Eagle and Bald Eagle Sensory Worlds to Enhance Detection and Response to Wind Turbines Fernández-Juricic, E., Katzner, T., Goller, B., Baumhardt, P. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Recovery of raptors from displacement by wind farms – a response Santos, C., Marques, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Consistent effects of wind turbines on habitat selection of capercaillie across Europe Coppes, J., Kämmerle, J., Grunschachner-Berger, V., Braunisch, V., Bollmann, K., Mollet, P., Suchant, R., Nopp-Mayr, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Foraging seabirds respond to an intermittent meteorological event in a coastal environment Waggitt, J., Torres, R., Fraser, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds in Winter 2019-2020 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Impact-Producing Factors in the Offshore Wind Cumulative Impacts Scenario on the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting Bats, Birds
Amherst Island Wind Project 2019 Post - Construction Mortality Monitoring Report Natural Resource Solutions Inc. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
National wind wildlife research plan, 2020-2023 American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna-a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context Deb, H., Sanyal, T., Kaviraj, A., Saha, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Test of the automatic bird detection system IdentiFlight on the test field of WindForS in the context of nature conservation research Aschwanden, J., Liechti, F. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Behavioral Response of Grouse to Wind Energy Turbines: A Quantitative Review of Survival, Habitat Selection, and Lek Attendance LeBeau, C., Howlin, S., Tredennick, A., Kosciuch, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Modelling risks posed by wind turbines and power lines to soaring birds Smeraldo, S., Bosso, L., Fraissinet, M., Bordignon, L., Brunelli, M., Ancillotto, L., Russo, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Modelling risks posed by wind turbines and power lines to soaring birds: the black stork (Ciconia nigra) in Italy as a case study Smeraldo, S., Bosso, L., Fraissinet, M., Bordignon, L., Brunelli, M., Ancillotto, L., Russo, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Applying AI-Based Solutions to Avoid Bird Collisions at Wind Parks Salkanovic, E., Enevoldsen, P., Xydis, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Turbine Collision Mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J., Krone, O., Brandl, R., Albrecht, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing population‐level consequences of anthropogenic stressors for terrestrial wildlife Katzner, T., Braham, M., Conkling, T., Diffendorfer, J., Duerr, A., Loss, S., Nelson, D., Vander Zanden, H., Yee, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Revolution Wind COP Appendix K: Onshore Natural Resources and Biological Assessment Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Physical Environment
Revolution Wind COP Appendix AA: Assessment of the Potential Effects of the Revolution Wind Offshore Wind Farm on Birds and Bats Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
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