Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] Goodale, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Saurola, P., Ijas, A., Laaksonen, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines Krone, O., Treu, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Quantifying avian avoidance of offshore wind turbines: Current evidence and key knowledge gaps Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Bennet, F., Masden, E., Burton, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Golden Eagle Conservation Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Guidance Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J., Carrete, M., Donazar, J., Sanchez-Zapata, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Trialling a Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Marine Renewable Energy Developments in Ireland Burke, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Estimating Seabird Flight Height using LiDAR Cook, A., Ward, R., Hansen, W., Larsen, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J., Carlisle, J., Pham, D., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R., Bennet, F., Warnas, M., Perron, M., Elmqvist, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning Tikkanen, H., Rytkönen, S., Karlin, O., Ollila, T., Pakanen, V., Tuohimaa, H., Orell, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment Fijn, R., Gyimesi, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Improving estimation of flight altitude in wildlife telemetry studies Poessel, S., Duerr, A., Hall, J., Braham, M., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512 Equinor Quarterly Report: February 2018 to April 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Willmott, J., Clough, S., Buisson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Pfeiffer, M., Ralston-Paton, S. Guidance Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies Morandi, A., Berkman, S., Rowe, J., Balouskus, R., Reich, D., Etkin, D., Moelter, C. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Fixed Point Raptor Migration Survey at the National Wind Technology Center: April 2010 Ryon, T., Brenda, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix Q: Avian and Bat Risk Assessment Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Potential biological removal of white-tailed eagles and its application to environmental impact assessment for wind farms in Japan Matsuda, H., Tani, K., Shimada, Y. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
How many observation days are needed to reliably describe bird migration? Tanskanen, A., Yrjola, R., Baum, U., Tanskanen, S., Eriksson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure-driven mortality assessment studies Barrientos, R., Martins, R., Ascensão, F., D'Amico, M., Moreira, F., Borda-de-Água, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Impact of wind farms on soaring bird populations at a migratory bottleneck Martin, B., Perez-Bacalu, C., Onrubia, A., de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration Nilsson, C., Dokter, A., Schmid, B., Scacco, M., Verlinden, L., Backman, J., Haase, G., Dell'Omo, G., Chapman, J., Leijnse, H., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Is bird conservation a barrier to wind energy? Aversa, I., Polizel, J., Montaño, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Shorebird Staging and Migratory Movements at Chaplin and Reed Lakes, Saskatchewan, with Implications for Wind Energy Development Howell, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Birds
Predicting Migratory Corridors of White Storks, Ciconia ciconia, to Enhance Sustainable Wind Energy Planning: A Data-Driven Agent-Based Model Oloo, F., Safi, K., Aryal, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The utility of point count surveys to predict wildlife interactions with wind energy facilities: An example focused on golden eagles Sur, M., Belhoff, J., Bjerre, E., Millsap, B., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Flight Response to Spatial and Temporal Correlates Informs Risk from Wind Turbines to the California Condor Poessel, S., Brandt, J., Mendenhall, L., Braham, M., Lanzone, M., McGann, A., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Opportunistically collected data reveal habitat selection by migrating Whooping Cranes in the US Northern Plains Niemuth, N., Ryba, A., Pearse, A., Kvas, S., Brandt, D., Wangler, B., Austin, J., Carlisle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Estimating wind turbine fatalities using integrated detection trials Smallwood, K. Shawn, Bell, D., Walther, E., Leyvas, E., Standish, S., Mount, J., Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
A Stochastic Collision Risk Model for Seabirds in Flight McGregor, R., King, S., Donovan, C., Caneco, B., Webb, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wind Turbine Sensor Array for Monitoring Avian and Bat Collisions Hu, C., Albertani, R., Suryan, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Bats
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study Skov, H., Heinänen, S., Norman, T., Ward, R., Méndez-Roldán, S., Ellis, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Ecological Impact of Airborne Wind Energy Technology: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Agenda Bruinzeel, L., Klop, E., Brenninkmeijer, A., Bosch, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy Collision Birds
Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar Aschwanden, J., Stark, H., Peter, D., Steuri, T., Schmid, B., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Passerines, Birds
Raptor Interactions with Wind Energy: Case Studies from Around the World Watson, R., Kolar, P., Ferrer, M., Nygård, T., Johnston, N., Hunt, W., Smit-Robinson, H., Farmer, C., Huso, M., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Tier 4 Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Study for the Odell Wind Energy Project Cottonwood and Jackson Counties, Minnesota: Final Fatality Report December 2016 – December 2017 Chodachek, K., Gustafson, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Eagle Take Minimization System Petr, R., Knag, J., Laufer, E. Report Wind Energy Raptors, Birds
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