Short Science Summary: Underwater Noise

Dolphin

Potential Environmental Effects on Animals from Marine Renewable Energy: Underwater Noise

Animals use sound in the marine environment like humans and animals use light (sight) on land. Underwater sound allows animals to communicate, navigate, interact, forage, and avoid predation. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by species and may range across frequencies and sound levels. Marine animals are already subject to sources of anthropogenic noise under water; the addition of sound from marine renewable energy (MRE) devices could induce stress, behavioral changes (such as avoidance), a range of physical injuries, and a temporary or permanent reduction in hearing ability that can mask other sounds. The propagation of sound from MRE devices dissipates with distance from the device, depending on specific ocean conditions and the level of sound generated by each device. Construction activities at sea can create loud underwater noise, while noise from operational MRE devices is much quieter.

This Short Science Summary was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Underwater Radiated Noise from Point Absorbing Wave Energy Converters: Noise Characteristics and Possible Environmental Effects Haikonen, K. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Rethinking Underwater Sound-Recording Methods to Work at Tidal-Stream and Wave-Energy Sites Wilson, B., Lepper, P., Carter, C., Robinson, S. Book Chapter Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Noise
Environmental Effects Monitoring Report 2011-2013 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
PMEC-NETS Annual Operations and Monitoring Report 2013 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Underwater Active Acoustic Monitoring Network For Marine And Hydrokinetic Energy Projects Stein, P., Edson, P. Report Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document McGrath, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Short-Term Disturbance by a Commercial Two-Dimensional Seismic Survey does Not Lead to Long-Term Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Thompson, P., Brookes, K., Graham, I., Barton, T., Needham, K., Bradbury, G., Merchant, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater Anthropogenic Sound: Understanding the potential impacts on the marine environment and the influence on crab larval behaviour Pine, M. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Invertebrates
Ultrastructural Damage of Loligo vulgaris and Illex coindetii statocysts after Low Frequency Sound Exposure Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Dufort, M., López-Bejar, M., Lombarte, A., André, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Does exposure to noise from human activities compromise sensory information from cephalopod statocysts? Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Durfort, M., López-Bejar, M., Lombarte, A., Van der Schaar, M., André, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
The Use of Acoustic Devices to Warn Marine Mammals of Tidal-Stream Energy Devices Wilson, B., Carter, C. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
SOWFIA Noise Monitoring for Wave Energy Developments Brochure SOWFIA Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Scoping Study: Review of Current Knowledge of Underwater Noise Emissions from Wave and Tidal Stream Energy Devices Robinson, S., Lepper, P. Report Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Noise
Hydroacoustic Measurements of the Noise Radiated from Wave Energy Converters in the Lysekil Project and Project WESA Haikonen, K., Sundberg, J., Leijon, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Assessment Method for Sound Radiated by Cyclically Operating Wells Turbines Starzmann, R., Moisel, C., Carolus, T., Tease, K., Arlitt, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Characteristics of the Operational Noise from Full Scale Wave Energy Converters in the Lysekil Project: Estimation of Potential Environmental Impacts Haikonen, K., Sundberg, J., Leijon, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Sediment-Generated Noise and Bed Stress in a Tidal Channel Bassett, C., Thomson, J., Polagye, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Noise
Admiralty Inlet Pilot Tidal Project Acoustic Monitoring and Mitigation Plan Snohomish County PUD Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Scapa Flow Wave Test Site: Acoustic Characterisation Harland, E. Report Wave, Marine Energy Noise
Ambient noise in an urbanized tidal channel Bassett, C. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site: Additional Acoustic Characterisation Harland, E. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Measuring Underwater Background Noise in High Tidal Flow Environments Willis, M., Broudic, M., Haywood, C., Masters, I., Thomas, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Comparison of Underwater Background Noise during Spring and Neap Tide in a High Tidal Current Site: Ramsey Sound Broudic, M., Croft, N., Willis, M., Masters, I., Sei-Him, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Shapinsay Sound Tidal Test Site: Acoustic Characterisation Harland, E. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise
Turbine Sound May Influence the Metamorphosis Behaviour of Estuarine Crab Megalopae Pine, M., Jeffs, A., Radford, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Baseline Measurement of Underwater Noise Under the SURGE Project Soares, C., Patricio, S., Zabel, F., Moura, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Modelling the Vertical Directivity of Noise from Underwater Drilling Ward, P., Needham, K. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Measurement of Long-Term Ambient Noise and Tidal Turbine Levels in the Bay of Fundy Martin, B., Whitt, C., McPherson, C., Gerber, A., Scotney, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Mitigation of Low-Frequency Underwater Anthropogenic Noise using Stationary Encapsulated Gas Bubbles Lee, K., Wochner, M., Wilson, P. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Acoustic Noise Measurement Methodology for the Billia Croo Wave Energy Test Site Lepper, P., Robinson, S., Harland, E., Theobald, P., Hastie, G., Quick, N. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Long Term Monitoring of Underwater Noise at a Proposed Deployment Site of a Tidal Stream Device Broudic, M., Croft, T., Willis, M., Masters, I., Sei-Him, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
A Vessel Noise Budget for Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington (USA) Bassett, C., Polagye, B., Holt, M., Thomson, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Annex A: Summary of Operational Underwater Noise from a Wave Energy Converter System at the EMEC Wave Energy Test Site May 2011: Comparison of Pelamis System Operational and Baseline Noise Measurements Lepper, P., Harland, E., Robinson, S., Theobald, P., Hastie, G., Quick, N. Report Wave, Marine Energy Noise
Influence of Blade Solidity on Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines Jonson, M., Fahnline, J., Johnson, E., Barone, M., Fontaine, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy Noise
Potential Interactions between Diadromous Fishes of U.K. Conservation Importance and the Electromagnetic Fields and Subsea Noise from Marine Renewable Energy Developments Gill, A., Bartlett, M., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Building Capacity for Marine Hydrokinetic Energy: Atlas of Potential Synergistic and Conflicting Environmental, Ecological, and Human Use Considerations Dubbs, L., Voss, C., Von Korff, B., Morton, J., Peterson, C., Fegley, S., Piehler, M. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Final Report on the Acoustic, Marine Mammal and Bird Monitoring Studies During Phase 1 Pile Driving Activities ORPC Maine Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Threshold for Onset of Injury in Chinook Salmon from Exposure to Impulsive Pile Driving Sounds Halvorsen, M., Casper, B., Woodley, C., Carlson, T., Popper, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales Rolland, R., Parks, S., Hunt, K., Castellote, M., Corkeron, P., Nowacek, D., Wasser, S., Kraus, S. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Fish in a Tidally Dynamic Region in Maine: Hydroacoustic Assessments in Relation to Tidal Power Development Viehman, H. Thesis Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Fish
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