Short Science Summary: Underwater Noise

Dolphin

Potential Environmental Effects on Animals from Marine Renewable Energy: Underwater Noise

Animals use sound in the marine environment like humans and animals use light (sight) on land. Underwater sound allows animals to communicate, navigate, interact, forage, and avoid predation. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by species and may range across frequencies and sound levels. Marine animals are already subject to sources of anthropogenic noise under water; the addition of sound from marine renewable energy (MRE) devices could induce stress, behavioral changes (such as avoidance), a range of physical injuries, and a temporary or permanent reduction in hearing ability that can mask other sounds. The propagation of sound from MRE devices dissipates with distance from the device, depending on specific ocean conditions and the level of sound generated by each device. Construction activities at sea can create loud underwater noise, while noise from operational MRE devices is much quieter.

This Short Science Summary was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wave Energy and Underwater Noise: State of Art and Uncertainties Patricio, S., Moura, A., Simas, T. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Technical Guidance for Assessment and Mitigation of the Hydroacoustic Effects of Pile Driving on Fish Oestman, R., Buehler, D., Reyff, J., Rodkin, R. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish
Addressing the Effects of Human-Generated Sound on Marine Life: An Integrated Research Plan for US Federal Agencies Southall, B., Berkson J., Bowen, D., Brake, R., Eckman, J., Field, J., Gisiner, R., Gregerson, S., Lang, W., Lewandoski, J., Wilson, J., Winokur, R. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Overview Of The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Underwater Sound In The Marine Environment Götz, T., Hastie, G., Hatch, L., Raustein, O., Southall, B., Tasker, M., Thomsen, F., Campbell, J., Fredheim, B. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Effects of Human-Generated Sound on Fish Popper, A., Hastings, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
The Effects Of Anthropogenic Sources Of Sound On Fishes Popper, A., Hastings, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Measurement and Assessment of Background Underwater Noise and its Comparison with Noise from Pin Pile Drilling Operations During Installation of the SeaGen Tidal Turbine Device, Strangford Lough Nedwell, J., Brooker, A. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution McKenna, C., International Fund for Animal Welfare Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals Boyd, I., Brownell, B., Cato, D., Clark, C., Costa, D., Evans, P., Gedamke, J., Gentry, R., Gisiner, R., Gordon, J., Jepson, P., Miller, P., Rendell, L., Tasker, M., Tyack, P., Vos, E., Whitehead, H., Wartzok, D., Zimmer, W. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A Validation of the dBht as a Measure of the Behavioural and Auditory Effects of Underwater Noise Nedwell, J., Turnpenny, A., Lovell, J., Parvin, S., Workman, R., Sprinks, J., Howell, D. Report Marine Energy Noise
Underwater Noise Assessment in the Messina Strait - Italy Nauta-rcs, CIBRA Report Ocean Current, Marine Energy Noise
Lethal and Physical Injury of Marine Mammals and Requirements for Passive Acoustic Monitoring Parvin, S., Nedwell, J., Harland, E. Report Marine Energy Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Marine renewable energy and cetaceans Dolman, S., Simmonds, M., Green, M. Report Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater Noise Study Supporting Scottish Executive Strategic Environmental Assessment for Marine Renewables Richards, S., Harland, E., Jones, S. Report Marine Energy Noise
Underwater Ambient Noise Dahl, P., Miller, J., Cato, D., Andrew, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
The potential impact of 1-8 kHz active sonar on stocks of juvenile fish during sonar exercises Kvadsheim, P., Sevaldsen, E. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish
Sound Detection Mechanisms and Capabilities of Teleost Fishes Popper, A., Fay, R., Platt, C., Sand, O. Book Chapter Marine Energy EMF, Noise Fish
Potential Impacts from OTEC-Generated Underwater Sounds Rucker, J., Friedl, W. Conference Paper Marine Energy, OTEC Noise
Waterborne Noise Due to Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plants Janota, C., Thompson, D. Journal Article OTEC, Marine Energy Noise
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Final Environmental Impact Statement National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Report Marine Energy, OTEC Chemicals, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
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