Short Science Summary: Underwater Noise

Dolphin

Potential Environmental Effects on Animals from Marine Renewable Energy: Underwater Noise

Animals use sound in the marine environment like humans and animals use light (sight) on land. Underwater sound allows animals to communicate, navigate, interact, forage, and avoid predation. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by species and may range across frequencies and sound levels. Marine animals are already subject to sources of anthropogenic noise under water; the addition of sound from marine renewable energy (MRE) devices could induce stress, behavioral changes (such as avoidance), a range of physical injuries, and a temporary or permanent reduction in hearing ability that can mask other sounds. The propagation of sound from MRE devices dissipates with distance from the device, depending on specific ocean conditions and the level of sound generated by each device. Construction activities at sea can create loud underwater noise, while noise from operational MRE devices is much quieter.

This Short Science Summary was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes- Data Rescue Rountree, R., Perkins, P., Kenny, R., Hinga, K. Journal Article Marine Energy Avoidance, Noise Fish
Final Results for Representative MHK Turbine Acoustic Predictions under Operating Conditions Johnson, E., Barone, M. Report Marine Energy Noise
Study of the Acoustic Effects of Hydrokinetic Tidal Turbine in Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound Collar, C., Spahr, J., Polagye, B., Thomson, J., Bassett, C., Graber, J., Cavagnaro, R., Talbert, J., deKlerk, A., Reay-Ellers, A., Tollit, D., Wood, J., Copping, A., Carlson, T., Halvorsen, M. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Pile Placement for ORPC Maine’s Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Pilot Project National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Broadband Acoustic Environment at a Tidal Energy Site in Puget Sound Xu, J., Deng, Z., Martinez, J., Carlson, T., Myers, J., Weiland, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Detection of Tidal Turbine Noise: A Pre-Installation Case Study for Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound Polagye, B., Bassett, C., Wood, J., Barr, S. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of Noise on Fish, Fisheries, and Invertebrates in the U.S. Atlantic and Arctic from Energy Industry Sound-Generating Activities Hawkins, A., Popper, A. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Aquamarine Power Marine Mammal Observation Report Richardson, M. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise Marine Mammals
Acoustic Environmental Monitoring - Wello Penguin Cooling System Noise Study Beharie, R., Side, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Birds and Wave & Tidal Stream Energy: An Ecological Review McCluskie, A., Langston, R., Wilkinson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds
MeyGen Tidal Energy Project Phase 1: Environmental Statement MeyGen Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Obtaining Baseline Measurements of Ocean Ambient Sound at a Mobile Test Berth Site for Wave Energy Conversion Off the Central Oregon Coast Haxel, J., Dziak, R., Matsumoto, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy Noise
Environmental Monitoring Report - 2011 Installation of Monopile at Voith Hydro Test Berth, Fall of Warness, Orkney Aquatera Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Environmental Scoping Report Westray South Tidal Array SSE Renewables Report Marine Energy, Tidal Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Underwater Noise Measurements of a 1/7th Scale Wave Energy Converter Bassett, C., Thompson, J., Polagye, B., Rhinefrank, K. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
A Comparison of Underwater Noise at Two High Energy Sites Willis, M., Broudic, M., Croft, T., Masters, I. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Effects Of Tidal Turbine Noise On Fish Hearing And Tissues Halvorsen, M., Carlson, T., Copping, A. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Pelagic Fish, Fish
Modelling Techniques for Underwater Noise Generated by Tidal Turbines in Shallow Waters Lloyd, T., Turnock, S., Humphrey, V. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Acoustic Field Calibration for Noise Prediction: the CALCOM'10 Data Set Martins, N., Felisberto, P., Jesus, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Estimates of Water Turbine Noise Levels Guerra, J. Thesis Marine Energy Noise
Making Marine Renewable Energy Mainstream Murray, M. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Noise Measurements Of A Prototype Tidal Energy Turbine Deveau, D., Stein, P., Rotker, N., Scribner, H., Edson, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Is There a Conflict Between Cetacean Conservation and Marine Renewable-Energy Developments? Brown, V., Simmonds, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Field Calibration a Tool for Acoustic Noise Prediction: The CALCOM'10 Data Set Felisberto, P., Jesus, S., Martins, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Airborne and Underwater Noise Assessment at the Pico OWC Wave Power Plant de Moura, A., Carvalho, M., Patricio, S., Nunes, N., Soares, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Characteristics of Underwater Ambient Noise at a Proposed Tidal Energy Site in Puget Sound Bassett, C., Thomson, J., Polagye, B. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
The Marine Soundscape and the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Mammals Erbe, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Marine Megavertebrates and Fishery Resources in the Nantucket Sound – Muskeget Channel Area: Assessing Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy Installations on Marine Megavertebrates - Recommendations for the Proposed Muskeget Channel Tidal Energy Project Leeney, R., Nichols, O., Sette, L., LaFond, S., Hughes, P. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Sea Turtles
The emergence of a new marine renewable energy industry – what are the implications for fisheries? Bell, M., Side, J., Kerr, S., Johnson, K., Baston, S., Bullen, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Wave Energy and Underwater Noise: Assessment and Monitoring Aspects Patricio, S., Soares, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
The Costs of Chronic Noise Exposure for Terrestrial Organisms Barber, J., Crooks, K., Fristrup, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Marine Energy Noise
Literature Review on the Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and Subsea Noise from Marine Renewable Energy Developments on Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout and European Eel Gill, A., Bartlett, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Underwater Ambient Noise at a Proposed Tidal Energy Site in Puget Sound Bassett, C. Thesis Tidal, Marine Energy Noise
Rethinking sound detection by fishes Popper, A., Fay, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Fish
Assessment of Underwater Noise Generated by Wave Energy Devices Austin, M., Chorney, N., Ferguson, J., Leary, D., O'Neill, C., Sneddon, H. Report Wave, Marine Energy Noise
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Status and Applications of Acoustic Mitigation and Monitoring Systems for Marine Mammals Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater Noise Modelling of Wave Energy Devices Patricio, S., Soares, S., Sarmento, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Listening In Riddoch, L. Magazine Article Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Seabirds, Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Best Practices in Management, Assessment and Control of Underwater Noise Pollution André, M., Morell, M., Mas, A., Solé, M., Van der Schaar, M., Houégnigan, L., Zaugg, S., Castell, D., Baquerizo, C., Roch, L. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
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