Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Nesting Success of Scissor-Tailed Flycatchers (Tyrannus forficatus) at a Wind Farm in Northern Texas Rubenstahl, T., Hale, A., Karsten, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Cumulative Effects of Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea on Bird Populations Poot, M., van Horssen, P., Collier, M., Lensink, R., Dirksen, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W., Van de walle, M., Verschelde, P., Verstraete, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Amendment to the On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post- Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio Ohio Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Buckeye Wind Power Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Bird and bat mortality at Portuguese wind farms Bernardino, J., Zina, H., Passos, I., Costa, H., Ramos-Pereira, M., Fonseca, C., Mascarenhas, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Noise on Abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse at Leks Blickley, J., Blackwood, D., Patricelli, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
Avian detection & tracking algorithm using infrared imaging Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J., Jamali, M., Gorsevski, P., Frizado, J., Bingman, V. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Assessing the Impact of Marine Wind Farms on Birds through Movement Modelling Masden, E., Reeve, R., Desholm, M., Fox, A., Furness, R., Haydon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Pre-Construction Avian and Bat Survey Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Eagles and Wind Energy: Identifying Research Priorities Allison, T. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Development of a Cost Minimizing Strategy to Mitigate Bird Mortalities in a Wind Farm Singh, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Cook, A., Johnson, A., Wright, L., Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Modelling the abundance and area use of wintering Red-throated Divers in the Outer Thames Estuary Skov, H., Heinänen, S., Lohier, S., Thaxter, C., Zydelis, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Testing an Emerging Paradigm in Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences in Efficiency between Flight Modes Duerr, A., Miller, T., Lanzone, M., Brandes, D., Cooper, J., O'Malley, K., Maisonneuve, C., Tremblay, J., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
2011 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D., Lout, M., Courage, Z., Nomani, S., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Evaluation of Greater Sage-Grouse Reproductive Habitat and Response to Wind Energy Development in South-Central, Wyoming LeBeau, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Research Priorities for Wind Energy and Migratory Wildlife Piorkowski, M., Farnsworth, A., Fry, M., Rohrbaugh, R., Fitzpatrick, J., Rosenberg, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
Marine Bird Distribution Along the Oregon Coast Suryan, R., Phillips, E., So, K., Zamon, J., Lowe, R., Stephensen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Seabirds, Birds
Marine bird colony and at-sea distributions along the Oregon coast: Implications for marine spatial planning and information gap analysis Suryan, R., Phillips, E., So, K., Zamon, J., Lowe, R., Stephensen, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
A Biogeographic Assessment of Seabirds, Deep Sea Corals and Ocean Habitats of the New York Bight: Science to Support Offshore Spatial Planning Menza, C., Kinlan, B., Dorfman, D., Poti, M., Caldow, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates
Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat Use and Population Demographics at the Simpson Ridge Wind Resource Area, Carbon County, Wyoming Johnson, G., LeBeau, C., Nielsen, R., Rintz, T., Eddy, J., Holloran, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D., Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Greater impacts of wind farms on bird populations during construction than subsequent operation: results of a multi-site and multi-species analysis Pearce-Higgins, J., Stephen, L., Douse, A., Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Rampion OWF Round 3 Zone 6: Migratory Bird Report Shreeve, A., Graeme, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Strategic Impact Assessment of Offshore Windpower in Norway - Impacts on Seabirds Lorensten, S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Follestad, A., Langset, M., May, R., Dahl, E., Hamre, Ø. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Using a Collision Risk Model to Assess Bird Collision Risks for Offshore Wind Farms Band, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Putting Aeolus to work without the death toll: federal wind farm siting guidelines can mitigate avian and Chiropteran mortality Mensing, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
How do diurnal long-distance migrants select flight altitude in relation to wind? Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Shorebirds, Raptors, Passerines, Birds
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M., Bechard, M., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
A Review of Methods to Monitor Collisions or Micro-Avoidance of Birds with Offshore Wind Turbines - Part 2: Feasibility Study of Systems to Monitor Collisions Collier, M., Dirksen, S., Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Avian Collision Mortality at 50- and 60- m Guyed Towers in Central California Kerlinger, P., Guarnaccia, J., Hasch, A., Culver, R., Curry, R., Tran, L., Stewart, M., Riser-Espinoza, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Passerines
Draft Black Oak & Getty Wind Avian and Bat Protection Plan Black Oak Wind, Getty Wind Company Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines Furness, B., Wade, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms Ferrer, M., Lucas, M., Janss, G., Casado, E., Muñoz, A., Bechard, M., Calabuig, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
The Development and Use of a Method to Fill Time Gaps in Migration Counts Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Thomas, L., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Towards an Environmentally Sound Offshore Wind Energy Deployment Verfuß, U. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
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