Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Sunrise Wind Construction and Operations Plan Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix P1: Avian and Bat Risk Assessment Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix P2: Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Framework Wing Goodale, M., Gilbert, A., Stenhouse, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Mapping the collision risk between two gull species and offshore wind turbines: Modelling and validation Mikami, K., Kazama, K., Kazama, M., Watanuki, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Balancing future renewable energy infrastructure siting and associated habitat loss for migrating whooping cranes Ellis, K., Pearse, A., Brandt, D., Bidwell, M., Harrell, W., Butler, M., Burg, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms Galparsoro, I., Menchaca, I., Garmendia, J., Borja, A., Maldonado, A., Iglesias, G., Bald, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Bat and Bird Data Analysis and Results Summary: Progress Report #2 & 3 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy Noise Bats, Birds
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L., Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Development of a Novel Physiology Tag to Measure Oxygen Consumption in Free-Ranging Seabirds McKnight, C., Bogdanova, M., Butler, A., Newell, M., Gunn, C., Daunt, F., Hastie, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Using weather radar to help minimize wind energy impacts on nocturnally migrating birds Cohen, E., Buler, J., Horton, K., Loss, R., Cabrera-Cruz, S., Smolinsky, J., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Offshore Wind Priority Conflict Topics for Marine Mammals and Birds Courbis, S., Pacini, A., Williams, K., Dodgin, S., Jenkens, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Wind energy in the city: Hong Kong’s offshore wind energy generation potential, deployment plans, and ecological pitfalls Delina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Prairie grouse and wind energy: The state of the science and implications for risk assessment Lloyd, J., Aldridge, C., Allison, T., LeBeau, C., McNew, L., Winder, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Maryland Offshore Wind Public Scoping Report BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
Study to examine the impact of climate change on seabird species off the east coast of Scotland and potential implications for environmental assessments Searle, K., Waggitt, J., Evans, P., Bogdanova, M., Daunt, F., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment
Study to Examine how Seabird Collision Risk, Displacement and Barrier Effects Could be Integrated for Assessment of Offshore Wind Developments Searle, K., Butler, A., Mobbs, D., Trinder, M., McGregor, R., Cook, A., McCluskie, A., Caneco, B., Daunt, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Seabird Biodiversity and Human Activities Ramos, J., Pereira, L. Book Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Study to examine the feasibility of extending SeabORD to the entire breeding season Searle, K., Jones, E.L., Bogdanova, M., Wilson, L., Bolton, M., Elston, D., Fang, Z., Newman, K., Daunt, F., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Improving Our Understanding of Seabird Behaviour at Sea Thaxter, C., Johnston, D., Clewley, G., Humphreys, E., Cook, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Feasibility of extending SeabORD to the entire breeding season: study Searle, K., Jones, E., Bogdanova, M., Wilson, L., Bolton, M., Elston, D., Fang, Z., Daunt, F., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Numerical Approximations Methods for Antenna Radiation Patterns for Motus Wildlife Tracking Systems Carlson, E., Gobeille, D., Deluca, R., Loring, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Columbian sharp-tailed grouse brood success and chick survival in a wind-energy landscape Proett, M., Roberts, S., Messmer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Flight altitudes and fight activities of adult Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the breeding area as determined by GPS telemetry Pfeiffer, T., Meyburg, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report ORE Catapult, Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Wind farm noise shifts vocalizations of a threatened shrub-steppe passerine Gomez-Catasus, J., Barrero, A., Llusia, D., Iglesias-Merchan, C., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Passerines
Seabirds and Marine Renewable Energy Sources Harwood, A., King, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Potential climate-driven changes to seabird demography: implications for assessments of marine renewable energy development Searle, K., Butler, A., Waggitt, J., Evans, P., Quinn, L., Bogdanova, M., Evans, T., Braithwaite, J., Daunt, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic Rahman, A., Farrok, O., Haque, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Monitoring of Spring Bird Migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2022 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
New England Wind COP Appendix III-R: Draft Piping Plover Protection Plan Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Keep it local and bird-friendly: Exploring the social acceptance of wind energy in Switzerland, Estonia, and Ukraine Vuichard, P., Broughel, A., Wüstenhagen, R., Tabi, A., Knauf, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B., Braham, M., Miller, T., Duerr, A., Katzner, T., McCabe, J., Dunn, L., McClure, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Review of seabird monitoring technologies for offshore wind farms Nicholls, A., Barker, M., Armitage, M., Votier, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring Study Crowned Ridge II Wind Farm Codington, Grant, and Deuel Counties, South Dakota Chodachek, K., Suehring, A., Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M., Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset Johnson, A., Dawson, C., Conners, M., Locke, C., Maxwell, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird Santos, C., Ramesh, H., Ferraz, R., Franco, A., Wikelski, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa Gauld, J., Silva, J., Atkinson, P., Record, P., Acacio, M., Arkumarev, V., Blas, J., Bouten, W., Burten, N., Catry, I., Champagnon, J., Clewley, G., Dagys, M., Duriez, O., Exo, K., Fiedler, W., Flack, A., Friedemann, G., Fritz, J., Garcia-Ripolles, C., Garthe, S., Giunchi, D., Grozdanov, A., Harel, R., Humphreys, E., Janssen, R., Kolzch, A., Kulikova, O., Lameris, T., Lopez-Lopez, P., Masden, E., Monti, F., Nathan, R., Nikolov, S., Oppel, S., Peshev, H., Phipps, L., Pokrovsky, I., Ross-Smith, V., Saravia, V., Scragg, E., Sforzi, A., Stoynov, E., Thaxter, C., Van Steelant, W., van Toor, M., Vorneweg, B., Waldenstrom, J., Wikelski, M., Zydelis, R., Franco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Evaluating Bat Roost Abundance: A Comparison of Drone-Acquired Thermal Imagery and Acoustic Recordings with Visual Observers Jaffe, K., Carter, R., Corcoran, A., Arceo-Gomez, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Comments on the March 22, 2022 Study Outcomes from Conservation Biology Institute Project Workshop Flick, P., Kelly, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
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